Public health officials in Canada are raising the alarm over an ongoing outbreak of Salmonella infections believed to be connected to snakes and feeder rodents across eight provinces. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), in collaboration with provincial health authorities, is investigating this serious health concern, which has already led to 70 confirmed cases, including hospitalizations and one fatality.

The outbreak, which spans from British Columbia to Newfoundland and Labrador, involves two strains of Salmonella: I 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium. Those affected range in age from infants to 96 years old, with a notable number of cases (19%) being children under five. The investigation, utilizing whole genome sequencing, has linked illnesses dating back to 2022 with more recent cases in 2023 and 2024, indicating a prolonged outbreak.

Health officials highlight that both direct and indirect contact with snakes, feeder rodents, and their environments can lead to infection. Interestingly, some individuals who fell ill did not directly interact with these animals but were exposed in their household. This emphasizes the bacteria’s ability to spread not only through direct contact but also via contaminated surfaces and environments.

To combat the spread of Salmonella, PHAC advises rigorous hand hygiene and frequent handwashing after any contact with reptiles, their food, or habitats. This guidance stems from both the current outbreak and historical data underscoring the role of pet owners and businesses in preventing Salmonella transmission.

Symptoms of Salmonella infection can appear 6 to 72 hours after exposure and typically include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and abdominal cramps. While most individuals recover without treatment, the infection can cause severe illness, particularly in vulnerable groups such as older adults, young children, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems.

Public health officials are urging the public to exercise caution when handling reptiles and feeder rodents. Key preventative measures include thorough handwashing after contact, cleaning surfaces and objects the animals have touched, and never keeping reptiles or rodents in homes or facilities catering to vulnerable populations.

This outbreak serves as a stark reminder of the risks associated with pet reptiles and rodents and the importance of maintaining good hygiene practices to prevent Salmonella transmission. Public health authorities are continuing their investigation and will provide updates as new information becomes available.